2007-01-31

Sousândrade

[Lygia Fingers - 1953 - Augusto Campos (aqui, para ouvir)]





















- a poesia concreta começa por assumir uma responsabilidade total perante a linguagem: aceitando o pressuposto do idioma histórico como núcleo indispensável de comunicação, recusa-se a absorver as palavras com meros veículos indiferentes, sem vida sem personalidade sem história - túmulos-tabu com que a convenção insiste em sepultar a idéia.
- o poeta concreto não volta a face às palavras, não lhes lança olhares oblíquos: vai direto ao seu centro, para viver e vivificar a sua facticidade.
- o poeta concreto vê a palavra em si mesma - campo magnético de possibilidades - como um objeto dinâmico, uma célula viva, um organismo completo, com propriedades psicofisicoquímicas tacto antenas circulação coraação: viva. - longe de procurar evadir-se da realidade ou iludí-la, pretende a poesia concreta, contra a introspecção autodebilitante e contra o realismo simplista e simplório, situar-se de frente para as coisas, aberta, em posição de realismo absoluto.
- o velho alicerce formal e silogístico-discursivo, fortemente abalado no começo do século, voltou a servir de escora às ruínas de uma poética comprometida, híbrido anacrônico de coração atômico e couraça medieval.
- contra a organização sintática perspectivista, onde as palavras vêm sentar-se como "cadáveres em banquete", a poesia concreta opõe um novo sentido de estrutura, capaz de, no momento histórico, captar, sem desgaste ou regressão, o cerne da experiência humana poetizável.
- mallarmé (un coup de dés-1897), joyce (finnegans wake), pound (cantos-ideograma), cummings e, num segundo plano, apollinaire (calligrammes) e as tentativas experimentais futuristasdadaistas estão na raíz do novo procedimento poético, que tende a imporse à organização convencional cuja unidade formal é o verso (livre inclusive).
- o poema concreto ou ideograma passa a ser um campo relacional de funções. o núcleo poético é posto em evidencia não mais pelo encadeamento sucessivo e linear de versos, mas por um sistema de relações e equilíbrios entre quaisquer parses do poema.
- funções-relações gráfico-fonéticas ("fatores de proximidade e semelhança") e o uso substantivo do espaço como elemento de composição entretêm uma dialética simultânea de olho e fôlego, que, aliada à síntese ideogrâmica do significado, cria uma totalidade sensível "verbivocovisual", de modo a justapor palavras e experiência num estreito colamento fenomenológico, antes impossível.
- POESIA-CONCRETA: TENSÃO DE PALAVRAS-COISAS NO ESPAÇO-TEMPO

[Augusto de Campos, POESIA CONCRETA: UM MANIFESTO, publicado originalmente na revista ad - arquitetura e decoração, são paulo, novembro/dezembro de 1956, n° 20]

2 comentários:

Anónimo disse...

http://www.ubu.com/sound/decampos.html

3ème Oeil Anonyme

Gelu disse...

A voz do Veloso faz-me dor de cabeça, no entanto:

Abenaki (Maine USA, Montreal Canada):Wliwni ni
Abenaki (Maine USA, Montreal Canada):Wliwni
Abenaki (Maine USA, Montreal Canada):Oliwni
Achí (Baja Verapaz Guatemala):Mantiox chawe
Achuar (Ecuador, Peru):Maketai
Achuar (Ecuador, Peru):Yuuminsame
[Adare, see Harari]
Adyghe (Middle East):Wapsaw
Adyghe (Middle East):Thawerapsaw
Afar (Ethiopia, Eritrea, Djibouti):Gadda ge
Afrikaans (Southern Africa):Dankie
Afrikaans (Southern Africa) [very much]Baie dankie
Aguacateco (Huehuetenango Guatemala):Ntyox teru'
Aguaruna (Peru):Seé
Ahtna (Alaska): Tsin'aen
Ainu [Saru dialect] (Japan) [formal]:Iyayraykere
Ainu [Saru dialect] (Japan) [informal] Hioy'oy
[Akan, see Asante and Fante]
Akha (China, Southeast Asia): Gui lah hui te ha
Akha (China, Southeast Asia): Gui lah hui mi a de
Akha (China, Southeast Asia): Gui lah hui dui dui ma
Akha (Thailand):Ghu long khu me-ah
Akha (Chiang Rai Northern Thailand): Gu lah hu ma de
Aklanon (Philippines): Saeamat kimo
Alabamu (Texas USA): Alíila
Alabamu (Texas USA): Kano
Alabamu (Texas USA): Kanobi
Alabamu (Texas USA) [informal]:Tá
Alabamu (Texas USA) [very much]: Alíilamoolo
Alabamu (Texas USA) [very much]: Kanoomoolo
Alabamu (Texas USA) [very much]: Kanopalammoolo
Albanian (Albania, Yugoslavia):Ju falem nderit
Albanian (Albania, Yugoslavia):Faleminderit
Albanian (Albania, Yugoslavia) [very much] Faleminderit shumë
[Aleut, see Unagan]
Altai (Russia): Bïyan bolzïn
[Alutiiq, see Suqpiaq]
Ambo (Angola, Namibia):Ondapandula unene
Amharic (Ethiopia, Israel, Egypt): Amesegënallô
Amharic (Ethiopia, Israel, Egypt): Amesegunalhun
Amharic (Ethiopia, Israel, Egypt) [very] Betam amesegënallô
Amuzgo (Mexico):Quialva'
[Anishinaabe, see Ojibwe]
Apache (Arizona USA):Ashoge
Apache (Arizona USA) [formal]:Áshood
Apache [Jicarilla] (Arizona USA):Ihe edn
Apache (Arizona USA) [informal]: Ahíyi'ee
Apalachicola (Florida USA): Mvto
Apsaaloke (United States):Ahoo
Apsaaloke (United States):Ahó
Apsaaloke (United States) [very much]Ahókacira
Arabic (Middle East, North Africa):Shukran
Arabic (Middle East, North Africa) [very]Shukran gazilan
Arabic (Syria): Mamnuun
Arabic (North Africa): SaHHa
Arabic (Morocco) [lit. Praise to Allah]El-hamdullah
Arabic (Morocco):Barak llahu fik
Aragonese (Aragon Spain): Grazias
[Araucano, see Mapuche]
[Arawak, see Taino]
Armenian (Armenia, Russia, Middle East)Shnorhagallem
Armenian (Armenia, Russia, Middle East)Shterakravetsun
Armenian [Western] (Armenia): Shenorhagal em
Armenian [Western] (Armenia) [very much] Shad shenorhagal em
Armenian [Eastern] (Armenia): Sh'norhakal em
Armenian [Eastern] (Armenia): Shnorhakalutjun
Armenian (Armenia) [colloquial]: Merci
Aromunian (Greece, Balkans):Multsãnjescu
Asante (Ghana): Meda w'asé
Asante (Ghana): Meda wo ase
Asante (Ghana) [very much]: Meda wo ase paa paa paa
Assyrian [Eastern Assyrian] [by man]:Basima
Assyrian [Eastern Assyrian] [by woman] Basimta
Assyrian [Eastern Assyrian] [by plural]Basimeh
Assyrian [Eastern Assyrian]:Mesi
Assyrian [Eastern Assyrian] [very much]Hawit basima chim raba
Assyrian [Western Assyrian] (Assyria)Taudi
Asturian (Spain):Gracies
Atayal (Taiwan):Muhuway su
Atayal (Taiwan):Mhuway su'
Atayal (Taiwan):Mhuway su' balay
Atayal (Taiwan) [informal]: Hway
Ateso (Uganda): Eyalama
[Aukan, see Ndjuka]
Aymará (Bolivia, Peru, Chile):Juspajaraña
Aymará (Bolivia, Peru, Chile):Juspajarkätam
Aymará (Bolivia, Peru, Chile):Juspaxar
Aymará (Bolivia, Peru, Chile):Yuspagara
Aymará (Bolivia, Peru, Chile):Dios pagarakátam
Aymará (Tihuanacu Bolivia): Yusulupay
Aymará (Lake Titicaca Bolivia) [rare]Yuspagarkàtam
Aymará (Lake Titicaca Bolivia) [rare]Yuspagaràtam:
Azerbaijani [Azeri] (Azerbaijan, Iran) Sayol
Azerbaijani (Azerbaijan, Iran):Sag olun
Azerbaijani (Azerbaijan, Iran):Tæshækkür elæyiræm
Azerbaijani (Azerbaijan, Iran) [very much] Chokh sag olun
[Azeri, see Azerbaijani]
[Aztec, see Náhuatl]
Bakweri (Cameroon): Masuma
Bakweri (Cameroon):Na somi saisai
Balinese (Bali) [Halus speech]:Tiang matur suksama
Balinese (Bali):Matu suksama
Balinese (Bali):Matur suksme
Balochi (Pakistan):Tai merbani
Bambara (Mali) [singular]:I ni ce
Bambara (Mali) [plural]:Aw ni ce
Bambara (Mali) [said by man]: Nba
Bambara (Mali) [said by woman]:Nse
[Bangla, see Bengali]
[Basa Sunda, see Sundanese]
Bashkir (Russia):Rekhmet
Basque (Spain, France):Eskerrik asko
Basque (Spain, France):Mila esker
Basque [Navarrese] (Spain): Esker mila
Basque [Navarrese] (Spain): Esker aunitz
Basque [Roncalais] (Spain): Eskerrik anitx
Batak (Indonesia, Sumatra, Philippines)Mauliate
[Bavarian, see German (Bavaria)]
Belorussian (Belarus): Dziakuju
Belorussian (Belarus): Dziákuj
Bemba (Zambia, Congo-Brazaville):Tsikomo
Bemba (Zambia, Congo-Brazaville):Twa to te la
Bengali (India, Bangladesh):Dhanyabad
Bengali (India, Bangladesh) [very much]Ozasro dhanyabad
[Bisayan, see Visayan]
Bislama (Vanuatu): Tangkiu
Bislama (Vanuatu): Tangkyu
Bislama (Vanuatu) [very much]:Tangkiu tumas
Bislama (Vanuatu) [informal]: Ta
Bisu (Xhina, Thailand, Myanmar): Ang hmèn yá
Blackfoot (Alberta Canada, Montana USA)Nitsíniiyi'taki
Boboda (Burkina Faso, Mali):Baraka
[Bobo Fing, see Boboda]
Bosnian (Bosnia and Hercegovina):Hvala
Bosnian (Bosnia and Hercegovina) [respect] Hvala vam
Breton (Brittany France): Trugarez
Breton (Brittany France) [formal]: Trugarez deoc'h
Breton (Brittany France) [informal]: Trugarez dit
Breton (Brittany France) [informal]: Mersi dit
Breton (Brittany France): Ho trugarekaat
Brigidian (western Ireland):Boche'
Bru (Vietnam):Sa-aun
Bukusu (Mt. Elgon Kenya): Nasima
Bukusu (Mt. Elgon Kenya): Orio muno
Bukusu (Mt. Elgon Kenya): Webaale
Bukusu (Mt. Elgon Kenya): Wanyala
Bulgarian (Bulgaria):Blagodarya
Bulgarian (Bulgaria):Mersi
Bulgarian (Bulgaria) [thank you very much] Mnogo blagodarya
Bulu (Cameroon):Akeva
Bunun (Taiwan): Uninang
Bura (Nigeria): Maraba
Burmese (Myanmar): Chezu ba
Burmese (Myanmar): Chezu tinbade
Burmese (Myanmar) [thank you very much]Amyaji chezu tinbade
Burushashki (Northern Pakistan): Juu na
Burushashki (Northern Pakistan): Juu goor maniSh
Burushashki (Northern Pakistan): Shukria
Burushashki (Northern Pakistan): Bakhshish
[Byelorussian, see Belorussian]
Cahuila (United States):'Ácha-ma
Cakchikel (Mexico):Matiosh chawe
[Cambodian, see Khmer]
Camuno (Italy): Gràsce
Cantonese [Chinese] (China) [for gift] Doh je
Cantonese [Chinese] (China) [for service]M goi
Cantonese [Chinese] [in advance- for gift] Doh je sin
Cantonese [Chinese] [in advance- service]M goi nei sin
Cassubian (Northweast Poland):Dzãkujã
Cassubian (Northweast Poland) [informal] Dzãczi
Cassubian (Northweast Poland) [old]: Bóg zaplac
Catalan (Andorra, Spain, France):Gràcies
Catalan (Andorra, Spain, France) [very]Moltes gràcies
Catalan (Andorra, Spain, France):Mercès
[Cebuano, see Visayan]
Cham (Southeast Asia): Uan tabuan
Chamorro (Guam):Si yuus maasi
Chamorro (Guam):Si yu'os ma'ase'
Chatino (Tataltepec Mexico):Ngua tsaa xlay'be hii
Chechen (North Caucasus): Barkal
Chechen (North Caucasus): Barkalla
Cherokee (United States): Wa'-do
Cheyenne (United States): Néá'eshe
Cheyenne (United States) [plural]: Néá'êshemeno
Cheyenne (United States) [intertribal] Hahóo
Chichewa (South Africa, Malawi): Zikomo
Chichewa (South Africa, Malawi)[very much] Zikomo kwambiri
Chichewa (South Africa, Malawi)[very much] Zikomo kwambili
Chilomwe (Malawi): Zikomo
Chilomwe (Malawi) [thank you very much]Zikomo kwambili
[Chinese, see dialects: Cantonese, Hoi San, Hokkien and Mandarin]
Chingoni (Malawi): Zikomo
Chinook Jargon (North America):Masiem
Chinook Jargon (North America):Mahsie
Chinyanja (Zambia, Mozambique):Zikomo
Chinyanja (Zambia, Mozambique) [very much] Zikomo kwambiri
[Chippewa, see Ojibwe]
Chishona (Zimbabwe) [to one person]: Ndatenda
Chishona (Zimbabwe) [to one person]: Ndinotenda
Chishona (Zimbabwe) [to a group]:Tatenda
Chishona (Zimbabwe) [to a group]:Tinotenda
Chishona (Zimbabwe) [for doing a task] Mazviita
Chishona (Zimbabwe) [for doing a task] Maita basa
Chishona (Zimbabwe) [for doing a task] Maita zvenyu
Chitonga (Malawi): Yewo
Chitonga (Malawi) [very much]:Yewo chemene
Chitonga (Zambia): Twalumba
Chitumbuka (North Malawi):Yewo
Chitumbuka (North Malawi) [very much]Yewo chemene
Chitumbuka (North Malawi) [very much]Yewo chomene
Chiyao (South Malawi): Sikomo
Chiyao (South Malawi): Asante
Chiyao (South Malawi)[thank you very much] Sikomo kwejinji
Chiyao (South Malawi)[thank you very much] Asante sana
Choctaw (Oklahoma United States):Yokoke
Choctaw (Oklahoma United States):Yakoke
Chol (Mexico):Wokolix awölö
Chol (Mexico):Wokol a wala
Chortí (Guatemala):Ch'ahp'ei'x ta'p'a
Chuj (Guatemala):Yuj wal dios
Chuukese (Micronesia): Kili so
Chuukese (Micronesia) [very much]: Kili so chapur
Chuukese (Chuuk Lagoon Micronesia):Kini so
Chuukese (Chuuk Lagoon Micronesia) [very]Kini so chapur
Chuvash (Russia):Tavtapuch
Chuvash (Russia):Tav
Chuvash (Russia):Tavssi
[Circassian, see Adyghe]
Coeur d'Alene (Idaho United States): Limlemtsch
Comanche (North America): Ura
Comanche (North America): Urako
Comori (Comoros):Marahaba
Comori (Comoros):Marahabha
[Conibo, see Shipibo]
Cornish [middle/unified] (Great Britain) Dew re-dallo dheugh-why
Cornish [middle/unified] (Great Britain) Durdala dywy
Cornish [modern] (Great Britain):Durdaladawhy
Cornish [modern] (Great Britain):Gwra'massi
Cornish [modern] (Great Brit.) [very much] Merastawhy
Cornish [Kemmyn] (Great Britain):Meur ras
Cornish (Great Britain):Meur ras dhis
Corsican (France): Grazia
Corsican (France): À ringraziè vi
Corsican (France): À ringraziavvi
Cree (Canada) (to one person):Kinanâskomitin
Cree (Canada) (to more than one person)Kinanâskomitinawaw
Cree (Canada):E'kosi
Cree (Canada):Têniki
Cree (Canada):Mikwec
Cree (Canada):Nunasko'mowin keya
Cree [Ouje Bougoumou] (James Bay Canada) Mîkwêc
Cree [Plains Cree] (Canada):Kitatamihin
[Creek, see Muskogee]
Creole (West Indies):Mese
[Créole (Seychelles), see Seselwa]
Crioulo (Guinea-Bissau):Obrigado
Croatian (Bosnia, Yugoslavia):Hvala
Croatian (Bosnia, Yugoslavia) [very much]Puno hvala
Croatian (Bosnia, Yugoslavia) [very much]Hvala lijepa
[Crow, see Apsaaloke]
Czech (Czech Republic):Dêkuji
Czech (Czech Republic) [informal]: Dik'
Dagaare (Burkina Faso, Ghana):Barka
Dagaare (Burkina Faso, Ghana):Puorra bebe la
Dakota (North America):Pidamayado
Dakota (North America) [by male]:Pidamaya yedo
Dakota (North America) [by female]:Pidamaya ye
Danish (Denmark, Greenland):Tak
Danish (Denmark, Greenland) [very much]Mange tak
Dega (Vietnam): Lac jak
Dega (Vietnam) [very much]: Lac jak ko ih lu
Deg Xinag (Alaska):Dogedinh
Deg Xinag (Alaska):Xisrigidisddhinh
Dekelh [Carrier] (Canada):Musi
Dekelh [Carrier] (Canada) [very much]Musicho
Dekelh [Lheidli] (Canada) [by one to one]Snachailya
Dekelh [Lheidli] (Canada) [by one to 2+] Snachalhuya
Dekelh [Lheidli] (Canada) [by 2 to 1]Nahnachailya
Dekelh [Lheidli] (Canada) [by 2 to 2+] Nahnachalhuya
Dekelh [Lheidli] (Canada) [by 3+ to 1] Nenachailya
Dekelh [Lheidli] (Canada) [by 3+ to 2+]Nenachalhuya
Dekelh [Nak'albun] (Canada) [by 1 to 1]Snachailya
Dekelh [Nak'albun] (Canada) [by 1 to 2+] Snachalhya
Dekelh [Nak'albun] (Canada) [by 2+ to 1] Nenachailya
Dekelh [Nak'albun] (Canada) [by 2+ to 2+]Nenachalhya
Dekelh [Saik'uz] (Canada) [by one to one]Snachailya
Dekelh [Saik'uz] (Canada) [by one to 2+] Snachalhuya
Dekelh [Saik'uz] (Canada) [by 2 to 1]Nahnachailya
Dekelh [Saik'uz] (Canada) [by 2 to 2+] Nahnachalhuya
Dekelh [Saik'uz] (Canada) [by 3+ to 1] Nenachailya
Dekelh [Saik'uz] (Canada) [by 3+ to 2+]Nenachalhuya
[Delaware, see Lenape]
Dhivehi (Maldives):Shukuriyyaa
Dhivehi (Maldives) [very much]:Varah bodah shukriyyaa
Dinka (Sudan):Yin acaa muoc
Diola (Senegal):Mersi
Diola (Senegal):Emitekati
Domari (Egypt): Daarim
Dusun (Sabah Malaysia):Pounsikou
Dutch (Netherlands, Belgium) [polite]Dank u
Dutch (Netherlands, Belgium) [informal]Dank je
Dutch (Netherlands, Belgium) [polite]Dank u wel
Dutch (Netherlands, Belgium) [informal]Dank je wel
Dutch (Netherlands): Bedankt
[Dyerma, see Zarma]
Dyula [Jula] (Cote d'Ivoire, Burkina Faso) I ni che
Dzongkha (Bhutan): Kadinche
Dzongkha (Bhutan): Kadinche la
Edo (Nigeria):Ù rú èsé
Egyptian (ancient Egypt) [to a man]: Dua Netjer en ek
Egyptian (ancient Egypt) [to a woman]Dua Netjer en etj
Ekegusii (Kenya):Imbuya mono
Enga (Papua New Guinea):Tángeyoo
English (America, Australia, UK, New Zea.) Thank you
English (America) [informal]: Thanks
English (Australia): Ta
English (New Zealand, Midland England) Cheers
English [Strine dialect] (Australia):Thenks
English [Strine dialect] (Australia):Enks
English [old English] (old Britain)[sing.] Ic þancas do
English [old English] (old Britain)[sing.] Ic þancie þe
English [old English] (old Britain)[plur.] Ic sæcge eow þancas
English [Texan] (Texas United States)Thank ya
[Eskimo, see Inuktitut and Inuttut]
Esperanto (international use):Dankon
Esperanto (international use):Dankon al vi
Estonian (Estonia):Tänan
Estonian (Estonia):Aitäh
Estonian (Estonia) [to a man]:Ole meheks
Estonian (Harjumaa Estonia):Aitih
Estonian (Viru-Nigula Estonia):Aiteh
Estonian (Vastseliina Estonia):Tehnän
Eton (Cameroon):Abumgang
Eton (Cameroon):Abuimgang
Ewe (Ghana, Togo): Mudo
Ewe (Ghana, Togo): Akpe
Ewe (Ghana, Togo): Mudu, epenau
Ewondo (Cameroon): Abui ngan
Eyak (Alaska):'Awa'ahdah
Fang (Gabon): Abora
Fante (Ghana, Burkina Faso):Medagse
Fante (Ghana, Burkina Faso):Medawagse
Faroese (Faroe Islands):Takk
Faroese (Faroe Islands):Takk fyri
Farsi [Persian] (Iran, Afghanistan): Merci
Farsi (Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan)Tashakkur
Farsi (Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan)Motehshakeram
Farsi (Iran): Mamnoon
[Filipino, see Tagalog and Visayan]
Fijian (Fiji):Vinaka
Fijian (Fiji) [very much]:Vinaka vakalevu
Fijian (Fiji) [very much]:Vinaka sara vakalevu
Finnish (Finland): Kiitos
Finnish (Finland): Kiitoksia
Finnish (Finland) [formal]: Paljon kiitoksia
Finnish (Finland) [informal]: Kiitti
[Flemish, see Dutch (Belgium)]
Fon (Benin, Togo): Ablo
Fon (Benin, Togo): A houanu
Fon (Benin, Togo) [very much]:A houanu ka ka
Fon (Benin, Togo) [formal]: E na ce nu we
French (France, Belgium, Africa, Canada) Merci
French (France, Belgium, Africa, Canada) Merci beaucoup
Frisian [Westerlauwer] (Netherlands):Tanke
Frisian [Westerlauwer] (Netherlands):Tanke wol
Frisian [Westerlauwer] (Netherlands):Tankje
Frisian [Westerlauwer] (Netherlands):Tankje wol
Friulian (northern Italy):Graciis
Fulani (West Africa):Jaaraama
Fulani (West Africa) [to one person]:A jaaraama
Fulani (West Africa) [to several people] On jaaraama
Futuna (Wallis and Futuna): Malo
Futuna Aniwa (Vanuatu):Fafetai
Futuna Aniwa (Vanuatu):Jinisa
Ga (Ghana): Ogiwadong
Gaam (Eastern Sudan):Áwdém áalò
Gaam (Eastern Sudan):Àayyá
Gagauz (Moldova):Saa olsun
Galician (Spain):Gracias
Gallo (France): Mèrczi
Garifuna (Guatemala):Téngi nían bún
Gascon (France):Merci
Georgian [Kartuli] (Georgia/former USSR) Mahd-lob
Georgian [Kartuli] (Georgia/former USSR) Gmadlob
Georgian (Georgia) [to more than 1 person] Mahd-lobt
Georgian (Georgia) [to more than 1 person] Gmadlobt
German (Central Europe):Danke
German (Central Europe):Danke schön
German (Central Europe):Vielen Dank
German (Central Europe) [informal]:Dank dir
German (Austria) [in spoken language]Dankschen
German (Bavaria) [in spoken language]Danksche
German (Switzerland) [in spoken language]Dank schön
German (Zurich Switzerland) [spoken]:Dankë
German (Zurich Switzerland) [spoken]:Dank schön
German (Zurich Switzerland):Merci
German (Zurich Switzerland) [very much]Merci villmahl
Gong (Thailand):Ang kêun
Greek [Hellenic] (Greece, Cyprus): Efcharisto
Greek (Greece, Cyprus):Sas efharisto
Greek (Greece, Cyprus) [very much]:Efharisto poli
Greek (Greece, Cyprus) [very much]:Sas efharisto poli
Griko (Salento Italy): Kali' sso'rta-ssu
Guarani (Paraguay, Brazil, Bolivia): Aguije
Guarani (Paraguay):Aguyje
Guarani [Mbyá] (Brazil):Ha'evete
Gujarati (India, Bangladesh, S. Africa)Aabhar
Gujarati (Gujerat State, India): Dhanyawaad
Gumatj (Australia):Ga'
Gurrangung (Australia):Yaddung jee
Gurung (Nepal) [to a child]:Syaabaas
Gurung (Nepal) [to an equal or superior] Dxanyaa'baad
Gwich'in (Alaska): Mahsi'
Gwich'in (Alaska): Mahsi' choo
[Gypsy, see Romani]
G/wi [San] (Kalahari Africa): !kaen se !tau
G//ana [San] (Kalahari Africa):Kaen se !tau
Haida (Alaska): Háw'aa
[Hal-Pulaar, see Fulani]
Hän (Alaska): Mahsi'
Harari [Adare] (Ethiopia):Gaza yagabzal yushen
Harari [Adare] (Ethiopia):Alla magah
Hassaniya (Mauratania):Shukram
Hausa (West Africa): Na gode
Hausa (West Africa): Yauwa
Hawaiian (Hawaii): Mahalo
Hawaiian (Hawaii) [very much]:Mahalo nui loa
Hebrew (Israel):Toda
Hebrew (Israel) [very much]:Toda raba
[Hellenic, see Greek]
Helong (Timor, Semau Island Indonesia) Nodan mamomamo
Hindi (India, East Asia, Suriname):Shukriya
Hindi (India, East Asia, Suriname):Danyavad
Hindi (India, East Asia, Suriname):Dhanyawaad
Hiri Motu (Papua New Guinea): Tanikiu
Hmong Daw (Laos, Thailand):Ua tsaug
Hmong Daw (Laos, Thailand): Ua koj tsaug
Hmong Daw (Laos, Thailand) [very much] Ua tsaug ntau
Hmong Daw (Laos, Thailand) [very much] Ua koj tsaug ntau
Hmong Du (Vietnam):Ô chò
Hmong Njua (Laos, Thailand):Ua tsaug
Hmong Njua (Laos, Thailand) [very much]Ua tsaug ntau ntau
Hmong Njua (Northern Thailand):Zoo sab muab
Hñähñu (Mexico):Jamadi
Hoi San (China):U de
Hokkien [Chinese] (Singapore, Indonesia) Gum xia
Hokkien [Chinese] (Taiwan): Kam sia
Hopi (North America) [said by men]:Kwakwhá
Hopi (North America) [said by women]:Askwali
Hopi (North America) [said by women]:Hevé
Hopi (North America) [very much, by men] Is kwakwhá
Hopi (North America) [very much, by women] Is askwali
Houailou (New Caledonia): Ei
Huambisa (Peru):See
Huambisa (Peru):Maake
Huaorani (Ecuador):Ewa ra
Huastec (Mexico):Jalbinchi yaan
Huastec (Mexico):C'ac'naamal yaan
Huave (Mexico): Dios mangüy ic
Huichol (Nayarit and Jalisco Mexico):Pan parius
Huichol (Nayarit and Jalisco Mexico):Pam parios
Hungarian [Magyar] (Hungary): Köszönöm
Hungarian [Magyar] (Hungary): Köszi
Hungarian [Magyar] (Hungary) [very much] Nagyon köszönöm
Hungarian [Magyar] (Hungary) [very much] Köszönöm szépen
Huron [Wyandotte] (USA, Canada): Yontonwe
Huron [Wyandotte] (USA, Canada): Ti-jiawen
[Ibo, see Igbo]
Icelandic (Iceland): Takk
Icelandic (Iceland): Takk fyrir
Icetot (Uganda):Ilakasugotia
Ido (international use):Danko
Igbo [Ibo] (Nigeria):Imena
Igbo [Ibo] (Nigeria):Imela
Igbo [Ibo] (Nigeria):Yâuwá
Igbo [Ibo] (Nigeria):Dalu
[Ik, see Icetot]
Ilokano (Philippines): Dios ti agngina
Ilokano (Philippines): Agyamanac
Ilokano (Philippines) [very much]: Agyamanac unay
Ilonggo (Philippines): Salamat
Ilonggo (Philippines): Daghang salamat
Indonesian (Indonesia) [formal]: Terima kasih
Indonesian (Indonesia) [informal]: Makasih
Indonesian (Indonesia) [very informal] Thanks ya
Indonesian (Jakarta Indonesia) [slang] Trims
Ingush (Russia):Barkal
Ingush (Russia) [in spoken language]:Barkl
Ingush (Russia) [lit. thanks be to you]Barkal xalda hwa
Ingush (Russia) [thank you very much]Saagha xalda hwa
Ingush (Russia) [thank you very much]Deala reaza xalda hwuona
Innu (Labrador and Quebec Canada): Tshinashkumitan
Interlingua (constructed):Gratias
Inuktitut (Baffin Island Canada):Qujannamiik
Inuktitut (Canada):Qujanaq
Inuktitut (Canada) [very much]:Qujanarssuaq
Inuktitut (Canada):Mutna
Inuktitut (Canada):Nakorami
Inuktitut (Alaska):Taikkuu
Inuktitut (Barrow Alaska):Quyanaq
Inuktitut (Barrow Alaska) [very much]Quyanaqpaq
Inuktitut (Noatak Alaska):Taku
[Inupiaq, see Inuktitut]
Inuttut [Greenlandic] (Greenland): Qujanaq
Ioway (United States) [by men]:Aho
Ioway (United States) [by women]:Aha
Irish Gaelic (Ireland, Britain) [to one] Go raibh maith agat
Irish Gaelic (Ireland) [to more than one]Go raibh maith agaibh
Irish Gaelic (Ireland, Britain): Go raibh maith 'ad
Irish Gaelic (Ireland, Britain) [to one] Go raibh mile maith agat
Irish Gaelic (Ireland) [to more than one]Go raibh mile maith agaibh
Isamurongen (Batanes Philippines): Dios mamajes dinio
Italian (Central Europe, E Africa):Grazie
Itbayaten (Batanes Philippines): Ah Dios mamexes
Itbayaten (Batanes Philippines): Ah Dios mamexes dimo
Itbayaten (Batanes Philippines): Dios mamexes dimo
Itbayaten (Batanes Philippines)[very much] Rakux u kapamaxemaxes namen dimo
Ivasayen (Batanes Philippines):Dios mamajes dimo
Ivasayen (Batanes Philippines) [very much] Mamajemajes kami dimo su racuj:
Itzaj [Itzá Maya] (Guatemala):D'yos b'ot'ik ti'ij
Itzaj [Itzá Maya] (Guatemala):D'yos b'o'tik
Itzaj [Itzá Maya] (Guatemala):D'yos b'o'tikil
Ixcatec (Mexico):Skanaa-ri
Ixil (Guatemala):Ta'n tiz
Jacalteca (Guatemala): Nich'an tiox
Japanese (Japan):Arigato
Japanese (Japan):Domo arigato
Japanese (Japan) [act of thanks not ended] Arigato gozaimasu
Japanese (Japan) [act of thanks has ended] Arigato gozaimashita
Japanese [Izumo] (Japan): Dan san
Japanese [Kansai Ben](Kansai, Osaka Japan) Ookini
Japanese [Kansai Ben](Kansai, Osaka Japan) Ookini arigatou
Japanese [Kumamoto] (Japan):Kora doshi
Japanese [Kyo Kotoba] (Kyoto Japan): Ohkini
Japanese [Shodoshima] (Shodoshima Japan) Ookini
Japanese [Tohoku Ben] (northeast Japan)Oshoshina
Japanese [Uchinaaguchi] (Okinawa Japan)Nihwee-deebiru
Jaqaru [Jacaru] (South America): Jilatyi
Javanese (Indonesia):Matur nuwun
Javanese (Indonesia):Kesuwun
Jèrriais (Jersey): Mèrci bein des fais
[Jula, see Dyula]
Kabuverdianu (Cape Verde):Obrigadu
Kabyle (Algeria):Tamemmirt
Kachin (Burma): Chyeju kaba sai
Kachin (Burma): Chyeju gaba sai
Kadazan (Sabah Malaysia): Kotohuadan
Kala Kawaw Ya (Australia):Eso
Kalmyk (Russia):Khanganav
Kanienkehaka [Mohawk] (Canada, USA): Niawen
Kanjobal [Q'anjob'al] (Guatemala): Yujwal Dios
Kanjobal [Q'anjob'al] (Guatemala): Yuj wal tyoxh
Kanjobal [Q'anjob'al] (Guatemala): Yuj wal ch'an tyoxh
Kannada (India):Dhanyawaadagalu
Kannada (India):Vandane
Kannada (India):Vandanegalu
Kanuri (Nigeria):Ardeneskin
Kapampangan (Philippines):Salamat
Kapampangan (Philippines) [formal]:Salamat pu
Karaim (Trakai Lithuania):Tabu
Karakalpak (Uzbekistan):Rahmet
Karelian (Finland, Russia): Spassibo
Karelian [Tver] (Russia): Passibo
Karen (Thailand):Da blu
Karen (Thailand) [very much]: Da blu do ma law
[Karen, see also Pho Karen and Sgaw Karen]
[Kartuli, see Georgian]
Karuk [Karok] (California USA):Yo-twa
Kasem (Ghana, Burkina Faso):De N lei
Kasem (Ghana, Burkina Faso):A ke lei naa
Kashmiri (India, Pakistan, China): Shukria
Kashmiri (India, Pakistan, China): Danawad
Kaurareg (Australia):Eso
Kaurna (Southern Australia):Ngaityalya
Kazakh (Kazakhstan, Central Asia, China) Rahmet
Kazakh (Kazakhstan, Central Asia, China) Rahmet sizge
Kekchi [K'ekchí] (Guatemala): Bantiox
Kekchi (Guatemala):B'antiox
Keres (Southwestern United States):Khuu'a
Keres (Southwestern United States):Da-waa-ee
Khakas (Siberia Russia):Aalghïstapcham
Khakas (Siberia Russia):Ispasiba
Khmer [Cambodian] (Cambodia): Ar kun
=Khomani (South Africa):/Aise
Khowar (Central Asia): Shukria
Khowar (Central Asia): Mehrbani
Khowar (Pakistan): Tazim
Kichagga (Tanzania): Haika
Kidavida (Africa): Chavucha
Kiembu (Africa):Ni waro
Kiga (Africa):Kazaare
Kiga (Africa):Webare
Kiga (Africa):Mwebare
Kiga (Africa):Yebare
Kiga (Africa):Otyo
Kiga (Africa):Osyo
Kikongo (Congo, Angola):Ntôndili kwami
Kikongo (Congo, Angola):Merci mingi
Kikongo (Congo, Angola, Cuba):Ndondele
Kikongo (Congo, Angola, Cuba):Ntandele
Kikongo (Congo, Angola, Cuba):Wuanka
Kikongo (Cuba): Nkimandi
Kikongo (Cuba): Manbote
Kikuyu (Africa):Ni wega
Kikuyu (Africa):Thengiu
Kikwe (Africa): Niwega muno
Kiluba (Congo-Kinshasa):Wafwa ko
Kinyamwezi (Africa): Wabeeja
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda, Congo-Kinshasa):Murakoze
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda, Congo-Kinshasa) [inf] Urakoze
Kiowa (North America): Aahóow
Kipsigis (Uganda): Kongoi
Kirgiz (Kyrgyzstan): Rakhmat
Kirgiz (Kyrgyzstan): Chong rakhmat
Kiribati (Pacific Is.):Ko rabwa
Kirundi (Burundi): Murakoze
Kisanga (Bunkeya Congo-Kinshasa):Tua santa
Kiswahili (Southeast Africa): Asante
Kiswahili (Southeast Africa): Aksante
Kiswahili (Southeast Africa): Ahsante
Kisawhili (Southeast Africa) [to several]Asanteni
Kiswahili (Southeast Africa) [very much] Asante sana
Kiswahili (Southeast Africa): Shukrani
Kiswahili (Southeast Africa): Nashukuru
Kituba (Africa):Melesí
Klallam (Washington United States):Há'neng cen
Klallam (Washington USA) [to a friend] Há?neng cen, naschá?che
Klallam (Washington USA) [to friends]Há?neng cen, nescháye?che
Klallam (Washington USA) [to a friend] Neschá?che cxw
Klallam (Washington USA) [for a gift]Há?neng cen ?a? ce n's?éngateng
Koasati (Alabama & Oklahoma United States) Tâ
Koasati (Alabama & Oklahoma United States) Alí:la mó
Kohistani (Central Asia): Shukria
Koiari (Papua New Guinea):Maigo
Koiari (Papua New Guinea):Maiteka
Komi-Permyak (Russia): Atto
Komi-Zyryan (Russia):Attö
Konkani [Konknni] (India):Dhanyawaada
Konkani [Konknni] (Goa India):Dev borem korum
Korean (Korea): Komapsumnida
Korean (Korea): Kamsahamnida
Korean (Korea) [very informal]:Komawoyo
Kosraean (Micronesia): Kulo
Kosraean (Micronesia) [very much]: Kulo maluhlap
Kosraean (Micronesia) [very much]: Kulo na maluhlap
Koyukon (Alaska):Baasee'
Koyukon (Alaska):Anaa basee
Krio (Sierra Leone): Tenki ya
Krio (Sierra Leone): Tenkey
Kuna (Panama):Dot nuet
Kupsapiny (Uganda):Keyi tapon
Kurdi [Kurmanji] (Iraq, Iran):Shukur
Kurdi (Middle East): Sipas
Kurdi (Middle East): Sipas dikim
Kutthung (Australia):Murromboo
Kwakiutl (North America): Gilakas'la
Kwakiutl (North America) [very much]:Ah gilakas'la
Kwanyama (Angola, Namibia): Nda pandula
Kwéyòl (Haiti): Mèsi
Kwéyòl (Haiti) [thank you very much]:Mèsi plen
Kwéyòl (Haiti) [thank you very much]:Mèsi anpil
Kwéyòl (Haiti) [thank you very much]:Granmèsi
Ladakhi (India, Pakistan):Od dju
Ladakhi (India, Pakistan):Jule
Ladin (Gardena Valley Italy): De gra
Ladin (Badia Valley Italy): Dilan
Ladin (Fassa Valley Italy) [to one person] Detelpai
Ladin (Fassa Valley Italy) [plural]: Develpai
Ladino (Spain): Gracias
Ladino (Spain): Munchas gracias
Lahu (Thailand):Ah bo
Lahu (Thailand) [very much]:Ah bo u ja
Lahu (China, Southeast Asia): Aw bon uija
Lahu (China, Southeast Asia): Da ja
Lahu (China, Southeast Asia): Òboi jâ
Lakhota (North America) [by female]: Pilamaya ye
Lakhota (North America) [by male]: Pilamaya yelo
Lakota (North America) [very much]:Pilamaya aloh
Lao (Laos): Khawp jai
Lao (Laos) [thank you very much]:Khawp jai lai lai
[Lappish, see Sami]
Latin (ancient Rome, Vatican):Gratia
Latin (ancient Rome, Vatican):Gratias
Latin (ancient Rome, Vatican):Gratias tibi ago
Latin (ancient Rome, Vatican):Gratiam habeo
Latvian (Latvia):Paldies
Latvian (Latvia) [very much]: Liels paldies
Lenape [Delaware] (United States): Wanìshi
Lepcha (India, Nepal, Bhutan):Trok chi
Lingala (Congo-Kinshasa, Congo-Brazaville) Melesí
Lingala (Congo-Kinshasa, Congo-Brazaville) Matóndo
Lingala (Congo-Kinshasa, Congo-Brazaville) Natondi yo
Lingua Franca (Mediterranean):Gratzia
Lingua Franca (Mediterranean) [very much]Mouchou gratzia
Lisu (China, Burma, Thailand):Xual mu wa
Lisu (China, Burma, Thailand):Dut zoil
Lisu (China, Burma, Thailand):Atkel bboxmu
Lisu (Thailand):Ahku bumu
Lithuanian (Lithuania):Achiu
Lithuanian (Lithuania):Dekoju
Lithuanian (Lithuania) [very much]:Labai achiu
Lithuanian (Lithuania):Dekui
Lithuanian (Lithuania):Labai dekoju
Lithuanian (Lithuania) [very sincere]Nuoširdziai dekoju
Livonian (Latvia, Estonia): Tienu
Livonian (Latvia, Estonia): Tenu
Loglan (international):Sia
Low Saxon (Eastern Friesland, Germany) Dank
Low Saxon [Northern Low Saxon] (Germany) Danke
Low Saxon [Westphalian] (Germany): Ek dank auk schoin
Low Saxon [Westphalian] (Germany): Sind auk viellmaols bedankt
Lucumí (Cuba, United States): Moducué
Luganda (Uganda):Webale
Luganda (Uganda) [very much]: Webale nyo
Luiseno (United States):No$un looviq
Lummi (United States): Hy'shqe siam
Lunda (Zambia): Kusakililaku
Lunyankole (South Uganda):Webale
Lunyoro (West Uganda): Webale
Luo (Kenya, Tanzania): Erokamano
Lushootseed (Seattle Washington USA):Ck'wálidxw
Lushootseed (USA) [for food or drinks] Helí'dubshewx
Luvale (Zambia):Gunasakulila
Luxembourgish (Luxembourg): Merci
[Maa, see Masai]
Maasai [Maa, Masai] (Kenya, Tanzania)Aske
Maasai (Kenya, Tanzania): Ashi
Maasai [Maa, Masai] (Kenya, Tanzania)Ashi oleng
Maasai (Kenya, Tanzania) [very much]:Ashi naling
Mabuiag (Australia): Eso
Macedonian (Macedonia):Blagodaram
[Magyar, see Hungarian]
Makhua (Tanzania): Asantte
Makhua (Mozambique): Kooshukhuru
Makhua (Mozambique): Marahaba
Malagasy (Madagascar): Misaotra
Malagasy (Madagascar) [formal]:Misaotra tompoko
Malagasy (Madagascar) [very much]: Misaotra indrindra
Malay (Malaysia, Brunei): Terima kasih
Malay (Malaysia, Brunie) [very much]:Terima kasih banyak-banyak
Malayalam (India): Nandi
Malayalam (India): Valarey nanhi
Malayalam (India): Nanni
Maldivian (Maldives):Sabkaa
Malinké (Senegal, Mali):Ni ke
Maltese (Malta):Grazzi
Maltese (Malta) [very much]:Grazzi hafna
Mam (Guatemala):Chjóonte
Mam (Guatemala):Chjoonta
Mam (Guatemala):Chjónta tey
Mam (Guatemala) [to more than one person]Chjónta che
Mambwe (Tanzania, Zambia):Sanco
Mampruli (Ghana):Mossi
Manchu (China): Baniha
Mandarin [Chinese] (China): Xie xie
Mandarin [Chinese] (China): Toa chie
Mandinka (West Africa):Abaraka
Mandinka (West Africa) [to one person] I ning bara
Mandinka (West Africa) [to several people] Al ning bara
Manx (Britain): Gura mie ayd
Manx (Britain): Gura mie eu
Manx (Britain) [thank you very much]:Gura mie mooar ayd
Maohi (South Pacific): Mauruuru
Maori (New Zealand): Tika hoki
Maori (New Zealand): Ka pai
Maori (Cook Islands):Meitaki
Maori (Cook Islands) [very much]:Meitaki ma'ata
Mapuche [Araucano] (South America):Krasia may
Mapuche [Araucano] (South America):Chaltu
Mapuche [Araucano] (South America):Chaltu may
Mapuche [Araucano] (South America):Traeltu
Mapuche [Araucano] (South America):Manumeimi
[Mapudungun, see Mapuche]
Marathi (India):Abhari ahi
Marathi (India):Dhanyawaadh
Marathi (India):Dhanyawaatha
Mari (Russia):Tau
Marquesan (French Polynesia): Koutai
Marshallese (Marshall Islands):Kommol
Marshallese (Marshall Islands) [very much] Kommol tata
Marshallese (Marshall Islands) [very much] Kwölukkuun emmol
Mashi (Bukavu Congo-Kinshasa):Koko
[Mayan, see Yucatec]
Mazahua (Mexico):Pöjö
Mazatec (Mexico):Natejchiri
Mazatec (Mexico):Nkhi k'a ninashitechino
[Mbisu, see Bisu]
Mende (Sierra Leone):Baiika
Mende (Sierra Leone):Bisse
Mende (Sierra Leone):Baika
Meriam Mir (Australia):Eswau
[Miao, see Hmong]
Mien [Yao] (Laos, Thailand):Laengz zingh
Mien [Yao] (Laos, Thailand):Laengz zingh meih
Mien [Yao] (Laos, Thailand) [very much]Laengz zingh camv
Mien (Vietnam): Tö' dun
Mikmaq (Canada):Welálin
Mikmaq (Canada):Weláliek
Mina (Togo):Akpe
Mina (Togo) [very much]:Akpe ka ka
Minangkabau (West Sumatra Indonesia):Tarimo kasih
Minangkabau (West Sumatra Indoensia) [inf] Makasi yo
Miskito (Nicaragua): Tingki
Miwok [S Sierra] (South Sierra USA): Tengkiju
Mixtec (Oaxaca Mexico) [formal]: Kúta'ùná
Mixtec (Oaxaca Mexico) [familiar]: Kúta'ùrí
Mixtec (Oaxaca Mexico):Kúta'ù shãàrí nuùro
Mixtec (Estetla Mexico)[formal-to one p.]Niku tab'i
Mixtec (Estetla Mexico)[formal-to several] Niku tab'o
Mixtec (Estetla Mexico) [informal]:Ta xa'u zin
Mixtec (Magdalena Peñasco Oaxaca Mexico) Cutahvixieensa
Mixtec (Magdalena Peñasco Oaxaca Mexico) Cacutahvixensa
Mixtec (San Juan Colorado Mexico): Tyáhvi nyóò
Miyako (Ryukyu Island Japan): Nihedebil
[Mohawk, see Kanienkehaka]
Mohican (North America):Wneeweh
Mohican (North America):Oneowe
[Mokpwe, see Bakweri]
Moldavian (Moldova): Multumesc
Mon (Burma, Thailand): Tang kun
Monegasque (Monaco): Merçì
Mongolian (Mongolia, Northern China):Bayarlalaa
Mongolian (Mongolia, Northern China):Gyalailaa
Mongolian (Mongolia) [very much]:Tand ikh bayarlalaa
Mongolian (Mongolia) [for hospitality] Saikhan zochluullaa
Mongolian (Mongolia) [for help]: Ta ikh tus bolloo
Mòoré [Mossi] (Burkina Faso): Wenatase
Mòoré [Mossi] (Burkina Faso): Barka
Mòoré [Mossi] (Burkina Faso): Mpuusda barka
Mòoré [Mossi] (Burkina Faso) [very much] Barka wusgo
Mopá-maya (Guatemala): B'o'tic
Mordvin (Russia):Syukprya
Morisyen (Mauritius):Mersi
[Mossi, see Moore]
Motu (Papua New Guinea):Tanikiu
Mpi (Thailand): Mèu mèu
Mpongwe (Gabon):Kewa
Muskogee (Oklahoma & Florida USA): Mvto
Muskogee (Oklahoma & Florida USA): Henka
Muskogee (Oklahoma & Florida USA): Ka
Muskogee (Oklahoma & Florida USA): Akvsv'mkv
Náhuatl [Aztec] (Mexico): Tlazohcamati
Náhuatl [Aztec] (Mexico): Icnelia
Náhuatl [Aztec] (Mexico) [very much]:Tlazohcamati huel miac
Náhuatl [Aztec] (Mexico) [very much]:Tlazohcamatzin
Náhuatl (Tepoztlan Mexico): Tlazocama
Náhuatl (Tepoztlan Mexico): Tlazocamatl
Náhuatl (Tepoztlan Mexico): Tlazocamati
Náhuatl [classical: Aztec Empire]: Nictlazohcamati
Nakota (USA, Canada):Pinamaya
Nama (Namibia): Aio
Nandi (Kenya):Kongoi
Nandi (Kenya):Kaigai
Nandi (Kenya):Asai
Napulitano (Italy):Gràzzie
Natick (North America):Tobotonoque
Natick (North America):Ttaubotneanauayean
Natick (North America):Kuttabotomish
Nauruan (Nauru):Tsuba kor
Navajo (United States):Ahéhee'
Naxi (Yunnan China): Jjef bei seiq
Ndebele (Zimbabwe):Ngeyabonga
Ndebele (Zimbabwe):Ngiyabonga
Ndebele (Zimbabwe):Ngiyathokaza
Ndebele (Zimbabwe) [very much]:Ngeyabonga kakulu
Ndebele (Zimbabwe) [very much]:Ngiyabonga kakulu
Ndebele (Zimbabwe) [plural]:Siyabonga
Ndebele (Zimbabwe) [plural, very much] Siyabonga kakulu
Ndjuka (Suriname): Gaantangi fi ye
Ndjuka (Suriname): Gaantangi
Ndjuka (Suriname): A bigi ba
Nenets (Russia):Nyarya bada
Nepali (Nepal, Bhutan):Dhanyabaad
Newari (India, Nepal): Su-bhaay
Nez Perce (North America):Qe'ci'yew'yew'
Nganasan (Russia): Xoasi
Nganasan (Russia): Nägê
Ngbaka (Africa):Dé kãã
Ngizim (Nigeria):Ná goodoota-ngaa naa ci
Ngoni (Malawi): Zikomo
Nias [North Nias] (Nias Island Indonesia)Sauha gölö
Nias [South Nias] (Nias Island Indonesia)Söwö gölö
Nigerian Pidgin (Nigeria):Thank yu
Nigerian Pidgin (Nigeria):Well done
Niuean (Niue, South Pacific): Fakaaue
Niuean (Niue, South Pacific) [informal]Ha ia
Niuean (Niue, South Pacific) [very much] Fakaaue lahi mahaki
Norwegian [Nynorsk, Bokmaal] (Norway)Takk
Norwegian [Bokmaal] (Norway) [very much] Tusen takk
Norwegian [Sortlandsk] (Sortland Norway) Takk
Ntomba (Africa):Ebóto
Ntomba (Africa):Ewata
[Occitan, see Provencal]
Ojibwe [Chippewa, Anishinaabe] (N.America) Miigwech
Okanogan (North America): Lim limt
Oriya (India):Danna waat
Oromo (Kenya, Somalia):Ulfaad'd'a
Oromo (Kenya, Somalia):Waaqni sii haa kennu
Oromo (Kenya, Somalia):Maharaba
Oromo (Kenya, Somalia):Galatoomii
Oromo (Kenya, Somalia):Galatomaa
Oromo (Kenya, Somalia):Fayyaa ta'aa
Oromo (Kenya, Somalia):Fayyaa ta'i
Osage (USA):We'-a-hnon
Osage (USA):Thla-ho
Ossetian (Caucasus): Arfö
Ossetian (Caucasus): Buznyg
Otetela (Lodja Congo-Kinshasa):Losaka
Paamese (Vanuatu): Hihuri
Paamese (Vanuatu): Namasmasuk
Pa'ikwene (Amazon):Kibeiné
Paipai (Mexico, USA):'Ara'ya:ikm
Paipai (Mexico, USA):'Ara'yai:km
Paipai (Mexico, USA):'Ara'ye:km
Paiwan (Taiwan):Malimali
Paiwan (Taiwan):Masalu
Palauan (Palau):Sulang
Palauan (Palau):Msuulaang
Palauan (Palau):Ke kmal mesaul
Panamahka (Nicaragua): Tingkih
Papiamentu (Dutch Antilles, Aruba):Danki
Pashto (Afghanistan):Tashakkur
Pashto (Afghanistan, Pakistan):Sta na shukria
Pende (Congo-Kinshasa):Hambadiahana
[Penobscot, see Abenaki]
[Persian, see Farsi]
Pho Karen (Thailand):Hsà khawn hsá ta má' lâw
[Pidgin English, see Nigerian Pidgin, Pijin and Tok Pisin]
Pijin (Solomon Islands):Tanggio
[Pikanii, see Blackfoot]
Pipil (El Salvador): Paampa diyúx
Pipil (El Salvador): Padiux
Plattdeutsch (Germany):Dankscheen
[Plautdietsch, see Plattdeutsch]
Pocomchí (Guatemala):Rin dios awe
Pohnpeian (Micronesia):Kalangan
Pohnpeian (Pohnpei): Kalangen en Komwi
[Police Motu, see Hiri Motu]
Polish (Poland):Dziekuje
Polish (Poland) [spoken by several people] Dziekujemy
Polish (Poland) [familiar]: Dzieki
Polish (Silesia region, Southern Poland) Dziynki
Polish (Silesia region, Southern Poland) Dziynkuja
Polynesian (Polynesia):Auw'e
Ponpeian (Ponpei): Kelangan
Popoluca (Mexico): Ni'ctíyus
Portuguese (Portugal, Brazil) [by male]Obrigado
Portuguese (Portugal, Brazil) [by female]Obrigada
Potawatomi (United States): Iwgwien
Potawatomi (United States): Migwe'c
Potawatomi (United States): Kcumigwe'c
Provencal [Occitan] (France): Mercé
Provencal [Occitan] (France): Gramaci
Provencal [Occitan] (France) [very much] Mercé plan
Pueblo [Acoma] (Southwestern USA): Da-wah-eh
[Pular, see Fulani]
Puluwat (Micronesia):Kilissow
Punjabi (India):Dhannvaad
Punjabi (India):Dannaba
Punjabi (India):Shukria
Punjabi (India):Miharbaanee
Punjabi (India):Tuhaadee kirpaa hai
Puyuma (Taiwan):Tayu'an
[Q'anjob'al, see Kanjobal]
Quechua Ancashino (Ancash Peru): Paylla
Quechua Ayacuchano (Ayacucho Peru):Yuspagrasunki
Quechua Ayacuchano (Ayacucho Peru):Dyuspagrasunki
Quechua Ayacuchano (Ayacucho Peru):Diyus pagapusonqa
Quechua Ayacuchano (Ayacucho Peru)[plural] Diyus pagapusonqacheh
Quechua Ayacuchano (Ayacucho Peru) [very]Anchata agradisiyki
Quechua Ayacuchano (Ayacucho)[very;plural] Anchata agradisiykicheh
Quechua Cochabambino (Cochabamba Bolivia)Diuspagarasunki
Quechua Cochabambino (Cochabamba Bolivia)Diuspagarapusunki
Quechua Cochabambino (Cochabamba Bolivia)Pachi
Quechua Cochabambino (Cochabamba Bolivia)Pachis
Quechua (Cuzco Peru & Cochabamba Bolivia)Yusulpayki
Quechua Cuzqueño (Cuzco Peru):Yusulpaykinsunki
Quechua Cuzqueño (Cuzco Peru):Yuspagarasunki
Quechua Cuzqueño (Peru)[to several people] Yuspagarasunkichis
Quechua Cuzqueño (Cuzco Peru):Añay
Quechua Cuzqueño (Cuzco Peru):Añachaykin
Quechua Cuzqueño (Cuzco Peru):Grasias
Quechua Cuzqueño (Cuzco)[very much/formal] Urpi sonqo
Quechua Cuzqueño (Cuzco)[very much/formal] Sinchitan añaychayki
Quechua Huancaño (Huanca Peru):Rasyas
Quiché [K'iche] (Guatemala):Maltiox
Quiché [K'iche] (Guatemala) [to a man] Maltiox tat
Quiché [K'iche] (Guatemala) [to a woman] Maltiox nan
Quiché [K'iche] (Guatemala):Sibälaj maltiox
Quiché [K'iche] (Guatemala) [for work] Cheri cha ai
Quichua (Ecuador): Pagui
Quichua (Ecuador): Pagui shungulla
Quichua (Ecuador): Diusulupagui
Quichua (Ecuador): Yupaichani
Rakhin (Myanmar):Chyee zu thon ree
Rapanui (Easter Island):Maururu
[Raramuri, see Tarahumara]
Resigaro (Peru):Kashoonopihku
Rohingya (Myanmar):Shukuria
Romani [Romany] [Gypsy] (Europe):Gestena
Romani [Romany] [Gypsy] (central Europe) Nais
Romani [Romany] [Gypsy] (central Europe) Nais tuke
Romani [Caló] (Spain): Najis tuke
Romanian (Romania):Multumesc
Romansch (Switzerland):Grazia
Romansch (Swizterland):Grazie
Romansch (Swizterland):Grazcha
Rotuman (Pacific Islands):Noa'ia
Rotuman (Pacific Islands) [said to child]Filo'montou
Rukai (Taiwan): Maulanenga
[Runasimi, see Quechua]
Russian (Russia):Spasibo
[Ryukyu, see Miyako]
[Saame, see Sami]
Saami [Lappish] (Scandinavia):Giitit itt
Saami [Lappish] (Scandinavia):Giittus
Saami [Lappish] (Scandinavia):Giitus
Saami [Lappish] (Scandinavia) [very much]Giitus eanat
Saami [Lappish] (Scandinavia):Giihtu
Saami [Lappish] (Scandinavia):Gaejtho
Saami [Davvi Saami] [Lappish](Scandinavia) Giitu
Saami [Inari Saami] [Lappish](Scandinavia) Takkâ
Saami [Skolt Saami] [Lappish](Scandinavia) Spässep
Saami [Skolt Saami] [Lappish](Scandinavia) Spä'sseb
Saanich (Vancouver Island Canada): Hay sxw q'a
Saanich (Vancouver Island Canada): Hay sxw q'e
Saisiat (Taiwan):Muhuway su
Samoan (Samoa): Fa'afetai
Samoan (Samoa) [thank you very much]:Fa'afetai tele
[San, see G//ana, G/wi and =Khomani]
Sangha (Mali):Birepo
Sango (Central African Republic):Mèrèsi
Sanskrit (ancient India): Anugurihiitosumi
Sara (Chad):Angen
Saramaccan (Suriname): Gaantángí fii
Saramaccan (Suriname): F&uacteu;únu
Sardinian (Italy): Grassias
Sarnami (Suriname, Holland):Dhanbaad
Sarnami (Suriname, Holland):Dhanjabaab
Sarnami (Suriname, Holland):Sukriya
Sarnami (Suriname, Holland):Soekoeria
Sasak (Indonesia): Matur tampiasih
Sasak (Indonesia): Tampi asiq
Saulteaux (Manitoba Canada):Miigwech
Savonian (Ylä-Savo Finland):Kiitoksija
Scottish Gaelic (Scotland): Tapadh leat
Scottish Gaelic (Scotland) [formal]: Tapadh leibh
Scottish Gaelic (Scotland) [many thanks] Moran taing
Scottish Gaelic (Southern Scotland) [for.] Gun robh math agaibh
Scottish Gaelic (Southern Scotland) [inf.] Gun robh math agad
Scots (Scotland):Thenk ye
Scots (Scotland):Thank ye
Scots [Ulster Scots] (Northern Ireland)Thenks
[Seminole, see Creek]
Senoufo (Cote d'Ivoire, Mali):Minkari
Senoufo (Cote d'Ivoire, Mali):Minmonchar
Sepedi (South Africa): Ke a leboga
Serbian (Bosnia, Yugoslavia): Hvala
Serbian (Bosnia, Yugoslavia) [very much] Hvala lepa
Seri (Sonora Mexico):Yooz ma samsisíinxo
Serrere (Senegal, Gambia):Dioka ndjiale
Seselwa [Seychelles Creole] (Seychelles) Mersi
Seselwa [Seychelles Creole] (Seychelles) Gran mersi
Sesotho (Lesotho, South Africa): Ke a leboha
Setswana (Botswana, South Africa): Ke itumtese
Setswana (Botswana, South Africa): Ke itumela
Setswana (Botswana, South Africa): Ke a leboga
Setu (Estonia): Aiteh
Sgaw Karen (Thailand): Tà byu' dô law
Sgaw Karen (Thailand): Dah bluet
Shanghai (Shanghai China):Sha ja non
Shanghai (Shanghai China):Sha sha
Shanghai (Shanghai China) [informal]:Sha ja
Shelta (USA, Ireland) [old;no longer used] Djeelsha grawsta
Sherpa [Helambu] (Nepal, Tibet): Thuchi chea
Sherpa [Solu] (Nepal, Tibet): Thuchi che
Shimasiwa (Comoros): Marahaba
Shina (Central Asia, India):Shukria
Shina (Central Asia, India):Bakhshish
Shipibo (Peru): Iráque
Shipibo (Peru) [very much]: Ichabires iráque
Shona, see Chishona]
Sicilian (Sicily Italy):Grazzii
Silozi (Zambia):Ni itumezi
Silozi (Zambia):Litumezi
Silozi (Zambia):Nitumezi
Sindhi (Pakistan): Mehrbani
Sinhalese (Sri Lanka): Istuti
Sinhalese (Sri Lanka) [very much]: Bohoma istuti
Siswati [Swazi] (Swaziland)[by one person] Ngiyabonga
Siswati [Swazi] (Swaziland)[more than one] Siyabonga
Slovak (Slovakia): Dakujem
Slovak (Slovakia) [formal]: Dakujem vám
Slovak (Slovakia) [informal]: Dakujem ti
Slovenian (Slovenia):Hvala
Slovenian (Slovenia) [formal]:Hvala vam
Slovenian (Slovenia) [familiar]: Hvala ti
Slovenian (Slovenia) [very much]:Hvala lepa
Solresol (old; international):Sol Ti
Somali (East Africa):Mahad sanid
Soninke (Mali, Senegal):Nawari
Sorbian [Upper Sorbian] (eastern Germany)Dz'akuju so
Sorbian [Lower Sorbian] (eastern Germany)Z'e'kujom se
Spanish (Spain, America): Gracias
Spanish (Spain, America) [very much]:Muchas gracias
Spokane (United States):Chn lm-s-cút
Sranan (Suriname): Grantangi
Sranan (Suriname): Tangi
Sranan (Suriname): Danki
Sudovian (Baltic region): Denkâ
Sudovian (Baltic region): Denkauja
Suqpiaq (Alaska):Quyanaa
Sundanese [Basa Sunda] (Indonesia):Hatur nuhun
Sursilvan (Switzerland):Engraziel
Suryoyo (Syria, Turkey):Tawdi
Suryoyo (Syria, Turkey) [very much]: Tawdi sagi
Susu (Guinea):Inwali
Swabian (Central Europe): Dankeschee
Swabian (Central Europe): Dankschee
[Swahili, see Kiswahili]
[Swazi, see Siswati]
Swedish (Sweden, Finland):Tack
Swedish (Sweden, Finland):Jag tackar
Swedish (Sweden, Finland) [very much]Tack så mycket
Swedish (Sweden, Finland) [very much]Tackar så mycket
Swedish (Sweden, Finland) [very much]Stort tack
Tagalog (Philippines): Salamat
Tagalog (Philippines): Salamat po
Tagalog (Philippines): Salamat sa iyo
Tagalog (Philippines) [very much]: Maraming salamat
Tahitian (Tahiti): Mauruuru
Tahitian (Tahiti): Mauruuru roa
Taino [Arawak] (Caribbean): Oáan
Taino [Arawak] (Carribbean, Florida USA) Bo matum
Tajik (Tajikstan): Tashakur
Tajik (Tajikstan): Rakhmat
Taki-taki (French Guyana):Ganta
[Tamahoq, see Tamashek]
Tamashek [Tamahoq, Tuareg] (West Africa) Tanumert
Tamil (India, Southeast Asia):Nandri
Tamil (India, Southeast Asia):Nangreeih
Tamil (India, Southeast Asia):Romba nanringa
Tamil (India, Southeast Asia):Rumba nandri
Tamil (Madras/Chennai India) [colloquial]Rumba thanks
Tanaina (Alaska):Chin'an
Tanana (Alaska):Basee choo
Tanana (Alaska):Maasee'
Tanana [Upper Tanana] (Alaska):Tsen'ii
Tarahumara [Rarámuri] (Mexico):Matéterabá
Tarahumara [Raramuri] (Mexico):Matétera
Tarahumara [Raramuri] (Samachique Mexico)Natérarabá
Tashkorghani (Central Asia):Rahmat türi
Tatar (Russia): Rekhmet
Tay (Vietnam):Day fon
Telugu (India): Dhanyavaadaalu
Telugu (India): Tamara krutagntha
Tetum (East Timor) [by a man]:Obrigado
Tetum (East Timor) [by a man]:Obrigadu
Tetum (East Timor) [by a woman]: Obrigada
Tetum (East Timor) [by a man] [very much]Obrigado barak
Tetum (East Timor) [by a man] [very much]Obrigadu barak
Tetum (East Timor) [by a woman][very much] Obrigada barak
[Teuso, see Icetot]
Tewa (Southwestern United States): Kuunda
Thai (Thailand):Khawp khun
Thai (Thailand) [by man]: Khawp khun khrap
Thai (Thailand) [by woman]: Khawp khun kha
Thai (Thailand) [by man]: Khrap
Thai (Thailand) [by woman]: Kha
Thai (Thailand) [very much]:Khawp khun makh
Thangmi [Thami] (Himalayas):Sewa
Tibetan (Tibet, China):Tujechhe
Tigrinya (Ethiopia, Eritrea): Yrunyli
Tigrinya (Ethiopia, Eritrea): Yaqhanyelay
Tigrinya (Ethiopia, Eritrea): Yeqniyeley
Tigrinya (Ethiopia, Eritrea): Yekanyelay
Tlingit (Canada, northwest coast of USA) Guneshcheesh
Tlingit (Canada, Alaska): Gunalchéesh
Tlingit (Canada, Alaska) [very much]:Gunalchéesh hó hó
Tlingit (Canada, Alaska) [very much]:Atlein gunalchéesh
Tojolabal (Chiapas Mexico): Tzachatal
Tojolabal (Chiapas Mexico): Yuj
Tok Pisin [Pidgin English] (New Guinea)Tenkiu
Tok Pisin (New Guinea):Tenkyu
Tok Pisin (New Guinea) [very much[:Tenkyu tru
Tongan (Tonga South Pacific Island): Malo
Tongan (Tonga South Pacific Island) [very] Malo 'aupito
Toraja (Indonesia):Kurre sumange
[Torres Strait Broken, see Yumpla Tok]
Totonac (Veracruz Mexico):Paxkatkatzinil
[Tsalagi, see Cherokee]
Tschiluba (Kasai Oc. Reg., Congo-Kinshasa) Twasakadila
Tsimshian (Alaska):Way dankoo
Tsonga (South Africa): I nkomu
[Tuareg, see Tamashek]
Tugalug (Philippines): Salamot
Tukang Besi (Indonesia):Tarima kasi
Tulu (India) [thank you very much]:Mast upakara
Tupi [Tembé Tenetéhar] (Brazil) [by men] Azéharamopa
Tupi [Tembé Tenetéhar] (Brazil) [by men] Azéharamo kui
Tupi [Tembé Tenetéhar] (Brazil) [by men] Azéharmo kui
Tupi [Tembé Tenetéhar] (Brazil) [by men] Azéharamo aypopa
Tupi [Tembé Tenetéhar] (Brazil) [by men] Ipopa
Tupi [Tembé Tenetéhar] (Brazil) [by men] Ipo
Tupi [Tembé Tenetéhar] (Brazil) [by women] Azéharamo aypo-mia
Turkish (Turkey, Northern Cyprus): Tesekkür ederim
Turkish (Turkey, Northern Cyprus): Tesekkurler
Turkish (Turkey, Northern Cyprus): Mersi
Turkish (Turkey, N. Cyprus) [informal] Sagol
Turkish (Turkey, N. Cyprus) [formal]:Sagolun
Turkish (Turkey, N. Cyprus) [very much]Çok tesekkür ederim
Turkish (Turkey, N. Cyprus) [very much]Çok sagolun
Turkmen (Turkmenistan):Sag bol
Turkmen (Turkmenistan):Sag bolung
Turkmen (Turkmenistan):Tangur
Tuscarora [Southern Band] (N.Carolina USA) Nyeahweh
Tuvaluan (Tuvalu): Fakafetai
Tuvan (Russia): Chettirdim
Tzeltal (Chiapas Mexico): Jocolawal
Tzeltal (Chiapas Mexico): Wokolawal
Tzotzil (Chiapas Mexico): Kolaval
Tzotzil (Chiapas Mexico): Kolawal
Tzotzil (Chiapas Mexico) [very much]:Batz'i kolaval
Tzotzil (Chiapas Mexico): Ois botik
Uchinaaguchi (Okinawa Japan): Nihei deebiru
Uchinaaguchi (Okinawa Japan): Ippe nihei deebiru
Uchinaaguchi [Shuri] (Okinawa Japan):Nifee deebiru
Udmurt (Russia):Tau
Ukrainian (Ukraine): Dyakooyu
Ukrainian (Ukraine): Spasibi
Unagan (Alaska):Qagaasakung
Unagan (Alaska):Qaqaasakuq
Urdu (India, Pakistan):Shukriya
Urdu (India, Pakistan):Danyavad
Urdu (India, Pakistan):Merbani
Ute (Colorado and Utah USA):Towayak
Ute (Colorado and Utah USA):Tog'oyak
Ute (Colorado and Utah USA):Tograyock
Ute (Colorado and Utah USA):Tokhoyak
Uvean (Wallis and Futuna Vanuatu): Malo
Uvean (Wallis and Futuna Vanuatu): Malo te ofa
Uyghur (Central Asia): Rakhmat
Uyghur (Central Asia): Rähmät sizgä
Uzbek (Uzbekistan):Rakhmat
Uzbek (Uzbekistan):Tashakkur
Valencian (Spain): Gracies
Valencian (Spain): Moltes gracies
Venda (South Africa):Ndi a livhuha
Venda (South Africa):Ndo livhuwa
Venda (South Africa):Ukhani
Veps (Russia):Spasibo
Vietnamese (Vietnam):Cám ón
Vietnamese (Vietnam) [to man]:Cám ón ông
Vietnamese (Vietnam) [to married woman]Cám ón bà
Vietnamese (Vietnam) [to unmarried woman]Cám ón cô
Vietnamese (Vietnam) [to male equal]:Cám ón anh
Vietnamese (Vietnam) [to female equal] Cám ón chi
Vietnamese (Vietnam) [to young person] Cám ón em
Vietnamese (Vietnam):Cám òn qúi vi rhât
Vietnamese (Vietnam):Ông quá tú-tê dôí vói tôi
Visayan [Cebuano] (Philippines): Salamat
Visayan [Cebuano] (Philippines): Gracia
[Vlaams, see Dutch (Belgium)]
Votic (Russia): Passibo
Votic (Russia) [may God give you health] Antagoo Jumal tervüt teilee
Wakhi (Central Asia):Shukria
Wakhi (Central Asia):Shobosh
Wali (Northern Ghana): Bareka
Walloon (Belgium): Merci
Walloon (Belgium) [pronounced]:Mercè
Walloon (Belgium) [old form]: Gråces
Wampanoag (USA):Taubut
Warlpiri (Australia):Wiyarrparlunpaju-yungu
Welsh (Wales) [formal]:Diolch yn fawr
Welsh (Wales) [thank you very much]: Diolch yn fawr iawn
Welsh (Wales) [thanks]:Diolch
Wintu (California USA):Depelda mat doyut
Wintu (California USA):Depelda cala da mat doyut
Wintu (California USA):Cala da mat doyut
Wolof (West Africa): Djere dief
Wolof (West Africa): Jerejef
[Wyandotte, see Huron]
Xhosa (South Africa):Ndiyabulela
Xhosa (South Africa):Enkosi
Xhosa (South Africa) [very much]:Enkosi kakhulu
Xiamen (China): Kam sia
Yacouba (Côte d'Ivoire):Balika
Yaka (Angola, Congo-Kinshasa):Koloombo
Yami (Taiwan):Ayoi
[Yao (Africa), see Chiyao]
[Yao (Asia), see Mien]
Yapese (Micronesia): Kam magar
Yiddish (Europe):Dank
Yiddish (Europe):A dank aych
Yoruba (Nigeria):E se é
Yoruba (Nigeria):Oshe
Yoruba (Nigeria):A dupe
Yoruba (Nigeria) [honorific]: E seun
Yoruba (Nigeria) [non-honorific]:O seun
Yoruba [to age mate or younger]: O se
Yoruba [to person older than speaker]E se
Yucatec (Yucatan Mexico): Dios bo'otik
Yucatec (Yucatan Mexico): Dyos bo'otik
Yucatec (Yucatan Mexico): Dios bootiki'
Yucatec (Yucatan Mexico): Hach dyos bo'otik:
Yucatec (Yucatan Mexico): Yum bo'otik
Yucatec (Yucatan Mexico): Ki' bolal
Yuki (United States):Mis tatk
Yugur [Western Yugur] (Gansu China): Sagha &ccedi;owattï
Yugur [Western Yugur] (Gansu China): Çowattï
Yolngu Matha (Australia): Yo manymak
Yumpla Tok (Torres Strait Australia):Eso po yu
Yup'ik (Alaska):Quyana
Yup'ik (Siberia):Quyanaghhalek
Yup'ik (Siberia):Igamsiqanaghhalek
Zapotec (Villa Alta Mexico) [to one]:Dishkleno
Zapotec (Villa Alta Mexico) [to several] Dishklenle
Zapotec (Yatzachi Mexico) [to one]:Choshcwleno'
Zapotec (Yatzachi Mexico) [to one]:Choshcwlentio'
Zapotec (Yatzachi Mexico) [to several] Choshcwlen chele
Zapotec (Yatzachi Mexico) [very much]Choshcwleno' de'e zan las
Zapotec (Zoogocho Mexico) [to one]:Choshkleno'
Zapotec (Zoogocho Mexico) [very much]Choshklenteco
Zapotec (Zoogocho Mexico) [to several] Choshklenle
Zapotec (Oaxaca Mexico):Guishepeli
Zarma [Dyerma] (West Africa): Fofo
Zoque (Mexico): Yuscotoya
Zulu (South Africa, Lesotho): Ngiyabonga
Zulu (South Africa, Lesotho) [very much] Ngiyabonga ka khulu
Zulu (South Africa, Lesotho) [plural]Siyabonga